Teddy Roosevelt 2 2/26/08

Square Deal

Hepburn Act

Pure Food and Drug Act

Conservation

National Parks and Forests

Utilitarian Conservationists vs. Preservationists

Saving environment for later human consumption vs. saving for nature's sake.

Hetch Hetchy Controversy

S.F. wants to dam HH valley for power

Sympathy after SF earthquake

Competing Conservation Visions

Panic of 1907

End of Second Term

Overspeculation

J.P. takes over Tennessee Coal and Iron Company to end panic, with Roosevelt's consent.

Doesn't work, but Roosevelt isn't blamed

People blame R's hand picked successor, Taft

Taft isn't Roosevelt 2

Payne-Aldrich Tariff

Taft doesn't follow the tariff he proposes which actually increases taxes in some areas

Ballinger-Pinchot Dispute

Taft does nothing about corruption

Rise of the Progressive/Bull Moose Party

Led by La Follette

Stress from daughters illness, has nervous breakdown

Roosevelt replaces La Follette as presidential candidate.

Splits Republican Party

Allows democrat Woodrow Wilson to win

Teddy Roosevelt 1 2/25/08

Comes in 1901, presidency

Finishes McKinley's presidency

Energetic

Deals with with difficult issues, foreign and domestic

Navy

America has trouble sending ships around South America

Wants to cut through Central America

French building canal, out of money, decides to sell to U.S.

Columbia is unhappy that the U.S. is dealing with France, not Columbia

Teddy R. finances Panamanian rebels

Places USS Nashville in Central American to support Panamanians

Panama gets independence, America rents Panama canal and saves a lot of money in not dealing with France

Canal completed in 1914

Domestic

Trustbusting

Pennsylvania Coal Strike

Owned by J.P Morgan

Workers strike for better conditions

Roosevelt invites both parties to come to the White House

Only John Mitchell, strike leader, comes

Roosevelt responds by sending in National Guard to mine

Progressive Movement and Muckrakers 02/19/08

Progressive movement reforms come from the state level

Politics

Direct election of Senators with the 17th Amendment

Secret ballot

Initiative-Voters propose a law

Referendum-Voters could accept initiative by direct vote

Recall-Force Gov't official to have another election

Wisconsin-1st state to use direct primary

Chapter 21 02/15/08

Progressive Era

4 Major Goals of Progressive Movement

1. Protect Social Welfare

Quality of how people react in society

Ease problems of city life

Public Transportation

Recreation

YMCA-Library and exercise rooms

Salvation Army

Settlement Housing

Florence Kelley-Illinois Factory Act, 1893, improve work conditions and reduce hours work

2. Promote moral improvement

Immigrants have different approach to sex, progressives want to put same morals to all cultures

Prohibition

Members of WCTU

3. Create Economic Reform

Great gap between Rich and poor

Muckrakers exposed corruption in corporations

Scientific Management

Makes business more efficient and profitable

Apply Scientific ideas to make each task simpler

Outcome: Assembly Line

4. Changes in City Gov't

Less city bosses, elected mayors

Commission System replaces City Bosses

Groups of experts run the city

Experts work better

Council Managers and Mayors

1925- 250 Cities

City Managers appointed by City Council, elected by people

Progressive Mayors

Reform tax system and decreased transportation cost

State reforms

State laws to regulate R.R., mines, utilities

Led by Robert La Follette

Governor of Wisconsin

Focus on regulating R.R.'s

1. R.R.'s taxed federally and by states

2. Set limits on rates R.R.'s could charge

3. Cut out unfair R.R. practices

Improvement of Labor Conditions

End of Child Labor

No Federal Law to ban child labor, state laws

Maximum work hours

Supreme Court Reforms

Muller vs. Oregon

State can legally limit the working hours of women

Spanish American War 02/11/08

Discontent at outcome of Russo-Jap War spurs communism

Industrial strength equals military power'

Japan wants Manchuria as bread basket

1898: Sp/Am War

McKinley

"Splendid Little War"

Causes

1. Cuba

Wants independence

Ports, Sugar, Labor

Insurrections

Spain hires Weyler to begin "reconstruction campaign"

Creates curfews for cities

Nicknamed "Butcher"

U.S. Supports rebels

2. Press

Yellow journalism

Hiding behind faulty facts

Herst vs. Pulitzer

3. U.S. Protection

Business interest

4. Explosion of the USS Maine

Docked in Havana Harbor

Explodes, killing over 250 Americans

Press uses as an excuse to go war

Jingoism

5. DeLome Letter

From Spanish ambassador, criticizing Pres. McKinley

Teddy Roosevelt

Asst. Sec. to the Navy

Recognizes a war with Spain is coming

Sends Dewey to Manilla Bay in Phillipines

Creates a blockade around Manilla Harbor

Spanish control Phillipines, fighting rebellion led by Aguilnauldo

Congress declares war April 1898

Blockade destroys Spanish Armada in Manilla Harbor as soon is war is declared

Doesn't want to Asst. Sec., wants to fight

Accepts demotion and becomes volunteer in Roughrider force

Cavalry based

Cuban fighting

5,800 troops in Cuba, lose 400.

Poor standing army, still using Civil War uniforms and munitions.

War ends Aug. 1898

Treaty of Paris

U.S. Reneg on promised Phillipines independence, because U.S. needs Naval base near China

China wants U.S. help to put down Boxer rebellion

Imperialism 2 02/08/08

Types of Imperialism

1. Military: seizure/gun-boat posturing

a) Annexation: take over completely + add

Alaska: Seward's Icebox

Gold+Oil

Hawaii: Queen Lilivokalani

Sugar Cane Crops

 Colonization

America too late to the game

1763: Peace of Paris

Ended French and Indian War

Kicked France out of India

1857: Savoy rebellion

Protectorate

Nation A controls all external decisions of Nation B while Nation B controls all internal decisions

Ext. Decisions: War, Trade, Treaties

Internal Decisions: Health Care, education, Roads

Puerto Rico

Foraker Act, 1900

Constitution does not follow the the flag

Ended military presence in PR

Stated that there should be a colonial government

American governor

Not elected, appointed by Washington D.C.

Two Legislators:

Chamber legislators

Only vote on issues directly concerning P.R.

1 Appointed

1 Elected by P.R.

Cuba

1898 Teller Amen.

Cubans should be freed from Spanish occupations

Monroe Doctrine

1901: Platt Amen.

Cuba is protectorate of U.S.

Economic and Political Imperialism

Nation A controls Nation B's economy to such an extent as to influence Nation B politically

Examples

France controls Vietnam in this way

US in Iraq

Dole in Nicaragua

Coca Cola in Colombia

Concessions

Sphere of Influence

1884: Sino-Japanese War

China is invaded by Manchuria

1904: Russo-Japanese War

Russians attack, fearing that Japan is advancing too rapidly

Japanese would have won, if US hadn't stepped in to make a treaty

Imperialism 1 02/07/08

I was sick this day, and don't have these notes. If someone would like to give them to me, I'd be happy to type them and put them up.

The Gilded Age 3 01/30/08

Farmers are discontented

Role in society is changing

Mass exodus from rural areas to urban areas

Exceptionally high mortgages

Homestead Act provides insufficient land

Need to take out more mortgages to get more land

High debt

Machines expensive

Environmental issues

Locusts

Dependent on a world market

Prices for goods were very low

Railroads

Dictated time tables and price of shipping

Railroads gave discounts to industrialist that made RR materials

Kickbacks to gov. officials

Farmers band together in Populist party

Small rural areas had granges

Community centers

Would discuss RR prices

Mund v. Illinois

1880's: Farmers Alliance

Grain silo

Subdivided into regions

Helps regulate supply and demand

Creates Populist Party

The Gilded Age 2 01/29/08

Wizard of Oz about 1890's up to the election of 1896

House drops on W.W. of the East

Represents industrialst

Populist movement

1896 Election

William McKinley

Gold

Williams Bryant

Silver and gold

Bimetalism

Inflation is good

Value of dollar is declining

Prices go up

Salary/Wages go up

Goldbugs

Want a gold standard

1890

Sherman Silver Purchase Act

1884

Grover Cleveland vs. James G. Blaine

Cleveland wins

Discovered that James G. Blaine is associated with Credit Mobiler scandal

1888

Cleveland vs. B. Harrison

1892

Cleveland vs.  Harrison

Populist party is the most powerful third party in US history

Made up of farmers

The Gilded Age 01/27/08

1865-1900

Coined by Mark Twain

Shiny exterior to bad interior

Problems

Republicans are "waving the bloody shirt"

Reminder that Democrats started the Civil War

Dems wanted lower tariffs

Tariffs regulate trade

Raise revenue

Civil Service Reform

Grant has patronage/spoils system

"Era of Good Stealings"

Corruption

Grant reelected in 1872

Currency Reform

Greenbackers

Printed money will be backed by the Federal government

Inflation

Farmers, Workers, Debtors

Grover Cleveland

Enters White House a bachelor, has secretary

Rumors that he is sleeping with secretary

In fact, has illegitimate child with secretary's 18 y/o daughter

James G. Blaine

Attacks Cleveland in 1884

Personal attacks in politics

Samuel Tilden Dem vs. Hays Rep

Tilden ends corruption in New York City

Election very close, down to Florida

Elector calls in sick, gov. nominates new delegate, Hays wins

Hays compromises with Tilden on Civil Service Reform

This move splits republican party

Stalwarts, Traditional Republicans

Half-Breeds, Believe in reform

In election of 1880, Garfield runs

Shot 3 times in the back

VP is Chester A. Arthur

Garfield was Rep. Half-Breed, Arthur is Stalwart

Arthur is a known felon

Highly corrupt

Arthur cleans up and introduces the Pendleton act, which gives gov. jobs based on merit.