5/7 7 PM Review Session

Religion

Persecution between Protestants and Catholics

Tension in Europe

America becomes an avenue for different branches of Christianity to prosper

Non-conformists are called Heretics

Roger Williams

Puritans make up a large part of modern American psychology

Large influx of Quakers into US from Germany

Virginia is only state to have an anti-Quaker slant

Executions of Quakers

Many came to PA

William Penn of Pennsylvania makes it a Quaker colony

Dissenters

Ann Hutchinson

Anti-nomianism

Faith in God is more important than the clergy

Church is less important than spirituality

Influx of Jewish population

Not welcome in the South...or anywhere else

House of Burgesses

First colonial style government

Made religious laws

Most universities began as religious institutions

Harvard

Development of Unitariasm

Jefferson, Franklin

First Great Awakening

Mid-1740's

New Lights/Old Lights

New Lighters believe in a split between the congregational and presbyterian church

Seperate kinds of baptisms can be chosen

Development of Methodism, Presbyterianism

Second Great Awakening

Women and African Americans join up

Emersion of African American church

Southern Baptists

Mormonism

Arose in the early 1800's

Founded by Joseph Smith

Starts in upstate New York

Travels around U.S., killed in 1840's, Brigham Young leads followers to Utah

Anti-Catholicism Political Parties Begin

Nativists

Know-Nothing

Militant offshoots like KKK begin

Kennedy is the first Catholic president

Anti-Semitism

Gains strength around the end of the Civil War

Ulysses Grant was a highly anti-semetic leader

Dismissed Jewish officers under his charge

Enlightenment

Same time as Second Great Awakening

Focus on creating scientific answers to questions previously answered with religion

Islam in America

1950's onward

Malcom X, Muhammed Ali

Popular in blacks, black nationalist movement

Woodrow Wilson

New kind of president

Former University professor

Leads U.S. into WWI

Wants to form League of Nation

Not supported by Senate

Clayton Anti-Trust Act

Updates/Clarifies Sherman Anti-Trust Act

Louis Brandeis

First Jewish Supreme Court Justice

Very liberal

Opposed to "bigness"

Espionage and Sedition acts

Forbid criticism of the Government

1919 Temperance Union

Trying to get men back home and out of the bars

17th Amendment: Direct election of Senators

Marcus Garvey

"Time to go back to Africa"

Dawes Plan

Restructuring German finances

5/2 Lunch Review Session

Philidelphia Convention creates Connecticut Compromise

Beteween the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan

Virginia favors big states

NJ favors small states

One house based on population, the other gives two representatives per state

African Americans are 3/5

Slave Trade stops for 20 Years

Madison writes Constitution and Federalist Papers

9 of 13 colonies gain statehood during his time

Washington puts down Whiskey Rebellion, exercising strong Federal power

French Revolution influence US

Washington remains neutral

XYZ Affair

French agents demand bribes from U.S. diplomats

Federalist party uses situation to attack Republican party

1800 Election

Jefferson calls it the Second Revolution

Tie between Jefferson and Burr

Vote goes to House and it chooses Jefferson

Twelfth Amendment creates a change in how politicians run

Jefferson

Democratic Republican

Agrarian

Increased number of colleges

Strongly believed in separation of church and state

Conflicts

Deals with Pirates on Barbary Coast

Adams' Midnight Appointments

Marbury vs. Madison

Louisiana Purchase

Double U.S. land

Made without Congressional approval

Navigation rights of the Mississippi, use of New Orleans port

Second Great Awakening

1800

New Sects of religion

Baptists

Methodists

More women became involved

Cotton Gin changes Southern industry

War of 1812

America is caught between British and French hostilities

Jefferson creates Embargo Act

Prohibits American ships leaving U.S.

Non-Intercourse Act

US will trade with all nations but Br and Fr

Macon

US will trade with all non-belligerents

England encourages Indians not to trade with Americans

Americans attack Canada

Treaty of Ghent ends War of 1812

Rush-Bagough Treaty

Disarms Great Lakes

Era of Good Feelings

Pres Monroe

Gets all but one electoral vote

Nationalism

Tries to buy Florida

Panic of 1819

Over-speculation and easy credit

Expansion of Transportation in 1820's

Creation of more roads

Lowell System

First women industrial workers

Influx of immigrants provides good labor source

1820 Missouri Compromise

Each new state is balanced with a slave state

MC states no new slave states above the 36'30"

Created by Henry Clay

Fletcher vs. Peck

No state can impair a federal contract

Dartmouth College vs. Woodward

State cannot make Dartmouth national college

Election of 1824

Jackson wins

Most popular and electoral vote, but doesn't win a majority

Presidency is given instead to JQ Adamss

Corrupt Bargain

Election of 28, Jackson is angry

Creates the "Democrat" Party

Wins against Adams in the National Republicans

28 demonstrates Mass Politics

Jackson creates the spoils system

Jackson removes corruption but dramatically increase Federal power

Gives voting rights to women and minorities

5/1 7 PM Review Session

KKK rises during the GD, by blaming blacks, catholics and jews for the depression

Political Paranoia

First red scare is 1917, to coincide with the Bolshevik Revolution

Espionage Act

1918 Sabotage-Sedition Act

Public expression of opposition to WWI will lead to imprisonment

1920

Palmer Raids

Breaking into and searching the houses of suspected anarchists

Often anti-immigrant

To stop the Comintern (Communist International)

1940's

Infiltration of spies into U.S.

Rosenbergs

Alger Hiss

Registered Communists were monitored

1950's

Joe McCarthy

Claimed to hold a list of 200 Communists in the State Department

Led to the House of Un-American Activities Committee

Japanese Internment Camps in WWII

Economic Philosophy

First is Mercantilism

Enrich mother country by exporting for than you import

Colonies provide low cost raw materials

Leads to revolution

1776

"Wealth of Nations" by Adam Smith

Condemns Mercantilism

Provides 3 Laws of Healthy Economy

Self-Interest

Self-profit motivation

Competition

Laissez Faire

Government does not intervene in big Business

1848, Newark

Karl Marx writes Communist Manifesto

Condemns by Adam Smith

5 Concepts

Economic Determinism

Class Conflict

Bloody Overthrow of the Bourgeoisie

Temporary Dictatorship

"Temporary" in theory

Commune of man

Keynesian

Part of the New Deal, takes off in the 40's and 50's

Use of government spending to maintain the economy

Inject money into failing parts of the economy

Practiced today

American Literature

Jonathan Edwards "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"

Part of the Great Awakening

Thomas Jefferson "Declaration of Independence"

James Madison The Constitution

"Democracy in America", Tocqueville

Written in Jacksonian Era

Thoreau's Civil Disobedience and Walden

Transcendentalists

Walt Whitman, "Leaves of Grass"

"Moby Dick" Herman Melville

"Uncle Tom's Cabin" Harriet Beecher Stowe

Highlighted Racism

Mark Twain, "Tom Sawyer"

Race Relations

1890, Helen Hunt Jackson "A Century of Dishonor"

About the degradation of Native Americans

Edward Bellamy "Looking Backwards"

About Immigrant Poverty

Muckrakers

Jacob Riis "How the Other Half Lives"

"Jungle" Upton Sinclair

Alfred Mahan "Influence of Sea Power on History"

Imperialism

Lost Generation

Anti-materialsim

Sinclair Lewis

"Grapes of Wrath" John Steinbeck

"On The Road" Jack Kerouac

Critical of suburbia

"Women's Rights: The Feminine Mystique" Freeden 

"The Monkey Wrench Gang" Edward Abbey

About environmentalists

Sabotage of construction equipment

Lunch Session Review Notes 05/01

1604

Jamestown

-three things shape character

                Business enterprise

Sole purpose of London Company is to find gold in Cheasapeake bay area

                -Tobacco becomes the real cash crop

New population

                Head right-> contract

                Indentured servants

Moves Westward

                1^st Rebellion: Bacon’s Rebellion.  Haves and Have nots issues.

Maryland=catholic

                Freedom of Religion

Plymouth: Pilgrims form the first civil government, Mayflower Compact

                Absorbed by MA Bay Company

Puritans: Purify the church of England, no king influencing religion

MA Bay company becomes a government, form town hall meeting open to all

Dissidents

Thomas Hooker of Connecticut writes constitution Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

Anne Hutchinson  challenges notion of predestination

Rodger Williams, separation of church and state and freedom of worship

New York- Dutch Colony, business oriented

Pennsylvania- Quaker influence, women have equality, represntitive government

Georgia- Buffer from Spanish Florida (founded by Obulthorp), refugee for debtors and sinners

Simple legislature by Britain

Navigation Acts: enforce mercantilism- national recourses from US to Eng, made into shit, sent back

                Poorly enforced, lots of smuggling

 

Chesapeake problems: malaria, swamp, all men, slaves provide labor supply, specifically in south

Scotch/Irish Immigration: 1700

Southern Economy is mostly tobacco, boom bust cycle of cash crops.

Northern Economy is more difersy, and there is starting home industry, fur, timber, mining

 

English start to crack down

                Triangle trade

Rise in merchant class, who don’t want to pay Navigation tax

 

Destinctive black culture, religion, music- few free blacks in the north

Decline in Piety

Backlash of religion

                Witchcraft trials/hysteria

                Great Awakening 1720

                                Westley, founder of Methodists.  Easy salvation for all

                                Johnathan Edwards Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God CRAZY

Education is geared towards religion,

 

Salutary Neglect: English doesn’t do anything to US

                Start to see resistance

Albany Plan: act to unify colonies against French and Indians

                (B/c of French and Indian/Seven years war; centered in Ohio valley)

                                Americans fight basically alone

French friends with Heron

English friends with Iroque

William Pitt transformed the war

French seed lots of land to English, Spain gets New Orleans, England gets Florida (under Spanish influence)

Acts to Pay for War

                Proclamation act: No more colonists west of Appalachians (Indian Territory)

                Sugar Act: instigates protest

                Quartering/Mutiny Act: forced to house British soldiers

                Stamp Act: revenue for England with no word from the colonists! OUTRAGE!

                                Sons of Liberty (militant)

                                Modest Efforts of boycotts

                                                -Increase in home industry

                Townsend Act: Designed to raise revenue for England also (on paint, glass, etc)

Boston Massacre: (Boston=heart of boycotts)

Dickenson writes Letters of a ______ Farmer “No taxation w/o representation”

                England says “Virtual representation”

                                                (1/3 of Americans want independence, 1/3 don’t, 1/3 aren’t sure)

                Tea Act: East India Company monopoly, tea boycott, Boston Tea Party

                Coercive Act: Taxation punishment of Boston tea Party.  Limits self-government

First Continental Congress (all but Georgia) preparation of Defense

General Gage of England sent to put down rebel leaders

                “Shot heard around the world” Lexington and Concord

Second Continental Congress supports the war

Olive Branch Petition: for Peace

Thomas Paine writes Common Sense, the importance of gaining independence

Development of Declaration of Independence (designed to overthrow tyrannical government), Natural rights of man, compact with government, government only to protect people and rights,

 

Key issues in Rev War

                -Funding: Who get’s taxed?  Cause

                                BORROWING MONEY FROM FRANCE

                -British has better army

                -Americans know the land, closer, lower cost of shipment

1^st phase, Boston, Bunker Hill, Canada (Fails)

2^nd phase, Turning point, battle of Saratoga,

3^rd phase, in the south, more loyalists

                British overestimate

Surrender at Yorktown: British are too poor to continue war

Peace of Paris (2): 1783 John Jay, Franklin, Adams, clear cut independence

Article of Confederation Problems

-Property requirements to vote

-No taxation

-No regulation of trade

-No army

-One vote per state

-Western land claim not addressed

-Land Ordinances of

-Northwest Ordinance

Shay’s Rebellion

4/30 7 PM Review Session

*Note* I arrived slightly late to this session, so I don't have entirely complete notes */Note*

Democrats

Post 1812

Andrew Jackson

Strong Executive branch

Whigs

Calhoun, Webster, Clay

Federalists transformed into Whigs

Non Sectional

Anti-Jackson

Pre-Civil War

Democrats

Hadn't taken a stance on slavery

Pro states rights, leads to weak regional candidates

Civil War to WWI

Republicans

Support big business

Support international imperialism

Gained black voters (republicans emancipated the slaves)

Democrats

Immigrants, small farmers, laborers, working class

South and the West

Depression to today

Republicans

Concerned with national security

Pro big business

Democrats

Loose coalition of labor unions

Farmers

Government subsidies

Populist Party

Farmer initiated

Largest third party

Grange movement

Never have elected a president, but Democrats copy many political ideals

Tarriffs

Tax on trade

Raises revenue

Controls foreign competition

Begun by Hamilton

Uses tariffs to pay off Am. Rev. debt

Most important

Tariff of 1816

Era of Good Feelings

Designed to create manufacturing independence

Away from Britain

1828, Tariff of Abominations

Jackson Administration

South hates tariff on cotton and goods from the South

Nullification Crisis

Leads to sectional divides and the Civil War

McKinley Tariff, 1890

Tariff on sugar

1909 Payne Aldrich Tariff

Splits the Republican Party

1913 Underwood Tariff

Creates the graduated income tax

1930 Hawley Smoot Tariff

Puts a higher tariff on European goods

One of the causes of WW2

Causes a world depression

Domino effect as other nations enact similar tariffs

Supreme Court Cases

Marshall Court

Marbury vs. Madison

Midnight appointments

McCulloch vs. Maryland

Constitutionality of banking

Right of the state to tax a Federal bank

Gibbens vs. Ogden

Affirms the power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce

Johnson vs. Macintosh

Native tribes have rights to tribal lands

Cherokee vs. Geogia

Native tribes are the wards of the U.S., protection must be provided by the Federal Gov.

Georgia does not have jurisdiction over Cherokee Nation

Worcester vs. Georgia

Tribes are sovereign nation, not subject to the authority of state governments

Post Marshall

Commonwealth vs. Hunt

Unions and strikes are legal

Dredd Scott vs. Sanford

Slaves cannot sue

Escaped slaves are property

Not citizens

Plessy vs. Ferguson

Seperate but equal racial facilities are tolerated

Brown vs. Board of Education

Overturns Plessy vs. Ferguson

Education facilities are separate and unequal

Munn vs. Illinois

Upholds the Granger laws to regulate the railroads

Federally mandated prices and timetables for RR's

Overturns Wabash case

States the Railroads are business and can dictate prices and timetables at will

Miranda vs. Arizona

Miranda Rights

Police must read an arrested suspect their rights

Expands criminal rights

Roe vs. Wade

Women have the right to have an early term abortion

Stems from state laws

Chapter 31 Notes 02 4/30/08

Vietnamese War

Gunboat Diplomacy

Parked gunboats outside North Vietnam, waiting for an attack on Americans

Perceived attack on ships leads to bombing campaign, Rolling Thunder

Destroy Hanoi

Famous pilots shot down over Hanoi, including John McCain

Vietnamese Communist Forces divided into two groups

NVA

In uniform, official army

Vietcong

Civilian soldiers

Infiltrated the South

Just as effective as the official army

Mig 21's beat destroyed American aircraft, so America bumps up it's air force

Vietnam had poorly trained pilots

Ho Chi Minh Trail

Vietnamese carried supplies and moved South on the HCMT

Vietnamese confiscated abandoned French armament and used it against the Americans

Often, the armament was American made

Americans had no way to ascertain who was Vietcong or not

In response, U.S. develops CORDS

Phoenix Program

Quarantine and curfew suspected Vietcong village

Tried to monitor villages

Ultimately fails

Helga Herz

Anti-war activist who committed suicide in protest

Tet Offensive

Tet=Lunar Calender New Year, celebrated early Febuary

NVA/Vietcong launch an all out attack on the Americans and the South Koreans

U.S. wins, but loses many troops

500, the North Vietnamese 10,000

U.S. suspected attack would occur at Khe Sanh at DMZ

Main attack came from Vietcong in the South

Battle of Saigon

Vinh Moc Tunnels

Villagers carried supplies on a round boat to an island where NV army was waiting

War ends in 1975, but withdrawal begins in 1973

Total casualties

US: 60,000

Vietnamese: 1,000,000

Vietnam Notes 4/29/08

Roughly the population and size of Germany

Only country to have defeated 3 of the 5 superpowers (China, France, U.S.)

Vietnam has a long struggle to gain independence

Colonized by France

In World War II, Japan occupies Vietnam, but allows French Vichy government to rule

Vietnamese fought alongside Americans in WWII

Ho Chi Min

Travels the world, trying to garner support for independent Vietnam

Writes to Truman

France claims it needs Vietnam to rebuild, after WWII

Truman sides with France, upsetting Ho Chi Min

HCM turns to USSR to the North

French are fighting Vietnamese resistance, Vietmin, 1947-1954

90 percent of funds come from U.S.

French don't take the war seriously

Vietmin win the war in Dien Bien Phu

Negotiations in Geneva agree to create North Vietnam (Communist) and South Vietnam (Pro-Democ)

U.S. helps to prop up Democratic puppet government under Diem (Ziem)

Cold War Events

Sputnik

Launched USSR ahead of US in the sciences

U.S. bumps up science education, pumps in money

ICBM

Build up of long range missiles

Berlin Wall

1961

Makes the Cold War even colder

Spread of the Comintern

1967: Split between China and USSR

Collapse in Western Imperialism

European influence in the Middle East plummets, causing instability

France/Algerian War

French violently put down Communist Algerian uprising

Increased funding to social sciences in schools

Creates anti-communist sentiments in children