When Fascist forces are eliminated, Democracy and Communism begin to fight
Global competition
The conflicts between the two superpowers played a major role in reshaping the world
Conflict of military might, in other areas, the US was superior to USSR
After World War II, the Soviets and US began to influence other countries with funding and military might.
Both want buffer zones (sphere of influence)
Communism is spreading more rapidly in China under Mao Zedong
U.S. fights bloody wars to prevent Communist takeovers in Korea and Vietnam.
Mad dash between two superpowers to enter developing countries and influence their development
U.S. supports anti-communist forces
Cold War began to thaw when Khrushchev denounces Stalinism and U.S. leaders adopt a foreign policy of lessened tension.
Yalta Conference
Signs of the Cold War erupt
In the Crimean
3 Objectives
Promote World Peace
Provide Emergency Relief
Form interim Governments based on the will of the people
Stalin's proposal, controversial
Aims
USA
Wants to encourage democracy
Rebuild Europe through US's raw materials
Help U.S. Markets
Reunite Germany
USSR
Divided Germany
Germans were leaving East to West Germany
Encourage Communism
Control Eastern Europe, making a buffer zone
June 1945
Soviet Union and US join the UN with 48 other nations
Aimed to prevent future wars
Iron Curtain
Coined by Churchill
Truman is highly pro-democracy
Anti-Communist
Marshall Plan
Europe is devastated, infrastructure destroyed no jobs
U.S. provides 12.5 billion in aid: food, jobs, other materials
Aid extends to East Berlin with airlifts
Berlin Airlift
Soviet cut-off highways, water, and rail, traffic
Berlin divided in 4 zones
277000 flights, 2.3 million tons of supplies dropped
11 Months
Allowed the U.S. to influence Berlin
Nato vs. the Warsaw Pact
NATO
Coalition of US, Canada and 12 Europe Nations
Attack one, all retaliate
1949
Warsaw Pact
1955, Soviet reply
Soviet Union, Poland, E. Germany, Hungary, etc.
Asia
China
Immense fear of communism
China has a civil war between communists and republicans, which commies win
Both sides join together to fight WWII opponents
U.S. backed Nationalists
Gov't was wasteful corrupt
Did NOT have support of the people
Mao Zedong
Supported by Chinese peasants
95% of the populations
Distributed lands and reduced rents
Experience army
Most of the fighting against the Japanese were fought by the Communists
U.S. Response
Truman did not send troops to China
Allowed communism to spread
Did send aid to the Nationalists
1949-Chiang takes all the aid and flees to Taiwan (previously Formosa)
U.S. response has failed
Loss of China to communism creates domino effect, leads to Korea, then Vietnam
Korea
Japan controlled Korea since 1910
North-USSR
South-U.S.
Separated by the 38th Parallel
1948-U.S. gives S. Korea independence
N. Korea became communist and invades S. Korea
Attack and push S. Koreans nearly to the ocean
Truman: "Another nation falls to communism"
Approaches U.N.
Enters S. Korea
Led by MacArthur
Poor landing location, but MacArthur times it perfectly
U.S. and S. Koreans push N. Koreans to 38th Parallel and further
Scares Chinese
China creates a force of a million "volunteers" and helps to push back the marines to the 38th Parallel
Armistice
Fear of the domino effect
No comments:
Post a Comment