Chapter 24 3 3/17/08

Rebirth of the Klan

6 Million members

Expanded hatred to Jews, Immigrants, Catholics

Un-American Ideologies were distrusted

Especially immigrants

New Anti-immigration acts

1921

Immigrants of could only constitute 3 percent of American population yearly

1924

2 Percent

Socko-Vinzetti

1920

A shoe factory is robbed of 15000 dollars

5 robbers kill 2 people

Witness report there were two Italians

Socco and Vinzetti

Both had strong alibis and were arrested on circumstantial evidence

Biased judge finds them guilty, sentenced to death

Appeal court upholds biased verdict

Harding

Concerned with image

Releases socialist Debs

Establishes 8-hour work days

Tries to hire good cabinet

Hoover

Not intellectual

Reduces income taxes

Andrew Mellon

Raises corporate taxes and duties on agriculture

1921: Teapot Dome Scandal

Albert F. Fall

Secretary of interior

Moves Oil Reserves from jurisdiction of the navy to his jurisdiction, and secretly leases these reserves to an oil company

In return, Fall receives 400,000

When revealed, punishment was not severe

1923

Harding realizes his administration is full of corruption

Goes on a speaking tour in Alaska, takes ill and returns in Seattle

Taken back to Seattle and misdiagnosed of food poisining

Dies of heart embolism

VP Coolidge sworn in

Opposite to Harding, quiet thrifty

Reduction in Militarism

President Conferences

Reduces navy's of powerful nations, but reduces by weight, not number of ships

Coolidge

Downscales taxes and the size of the military

Reelected in 1924

Supreme Court removes Tenure of Office Act

Cleans up Harding's cabinet

Creates the Flood Control Act

Controls floods on the Mississippi

Government can't afford it

Charles Lindbergh

First to fly across the Atlantic

1927: Nelly Taylor Ross is the first female elected senator in Wyoming

FIrst female governor in Texas

Chapter 24 1 3/12/08 (Special Thanks to Katy)

Labor saving devices liberate women from the kitchen

Making from scratch takes a lot of time

New devices gives women more time

Time to spend… getting rights!

Businesses catering specifically to women

Designed by women, for women: very, very successful

Cosmetics

Regressive Movements

Miss America Pageant in 1921

Designed for Men (Swimsuits, evening wear, etc)

The “Model Female”

But girls are into them- money, prestige

1929- 1/6 marriages end in divorce

People think: “Not due to women’s liberation movement,

“But increased consumerism- raised the expectations of marriage to an idealized version that couldn’t be unachieved.”  (Magazines, Television, Radio, etc)

Men say “I must want that.”

Women say “I must be like that.”

UNATTAINABLE

Job Opportunities:

Still “domestic”

1/3 Graduate Degrees to women

But only 4% of professors are women

Can’t get into law/medical school

Having babies removes women from work place

Can’t get the raise, get the experience- while the men can

Hard to get back into a job (medicine)

75% of all black females are in “domestic service”

Women in congress increase

But in the role of their husband (step in)

Alice Robertson (OH) resides over House of Rep in place of her husband after he dies (for 30 min)

Rebecca Feltan (GA) did something like that for a day

After WWI we want another state of Isolation

“Return to Normalcy”- Harding, Coolage, Hoover

WHY:

Money!

Everyone owes us money. (France, GB, Italy)

We need to help Europe- so they can buy our products.

Germany can’t pay back war Reparations

Troops from France and Belgium go into the Ruhr valley

USA gives Germany a loan

INTEREST!

Dawes Plan 1924-1926

Helps Germany with their debt

Forgives 80% of Italy’s debt and interest goes down to .4%

Forgive 40% of French, 1.6% interest

Young Plan

Reduces German debt to 8 Billion

18^th Amendment 1919

“Noble Experiment”

Lasts about 15 years with numerous violation

Evolution v. Creation

Scopes Monkey trial: Dayton Tennessee

John Scopes decides to teach Evolution with backing of ACLU

School district=pissed

Darrow is Scopes lawyer- agnostic for ACLU

Bryan is lawyer for school district- fundamentalist

Dies after winning

Fundamental Christians are ridiculed in press

Scopes is forced to leave, fined but doesn’t have to pay

Rise of Black Nationalism

Blacks join army ranks

Discover France accepts blacks

Feels they should have the same kind of privileges as they’d had

Booker T. Washington believes in gradualism

W. E. B. DeBois believes in confrontation if need be

Marcus Garby founds UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement Association)

1920 have a national convention in Harlem

Separatism

KKK erupts again

1915 (b/c of history teacher)

Col. Simmons of GA

Becomes regiolalized

South= Anti-Black

West/Mid-West= Anti-Catholic (anti-hispanic)

East= Anti- Semitic

LA= Anti-Urban

ALL ARE ANTI-IMMIGRATION

Terrorism, torture, murder. 

But few white jurors would find KKK members guilty

Chapter 24 1 3/11/08

1920 Census

51% of Pop lives in towns of 2500 or more

First time in American history that population is more urban than rural

New Technologies

Automobiles

Produced in 93 minutes, sold for 295 dollars

Creates new industries

Increases the need for good roads

Auto parts

Service stations and gasoline

Restaurants and hotels

Radio

Movies

Magazine Catalogs

Kitchen Appliance

Vacuum cleaners, Electric refrigerators, washing machines, toasters

Birth Control

Telephones

Air Conditioning

In 1929, half of homes had eletricity

Reduction in work hours give consumers more free time

1920's were a period of consumerism and modernization

Women's Suffrage

DBQ Writing Notes

An essay question that requires you to interpret primary source documents

Documents include

Newspapers articles/editorials

Letters/Diaries

Speeches

Legislation

Political Cartoons

Charts and Graphs

What are the Docs for?

Use the docs to discuss events and ideas with which you are familiar.

Support or refute essay question

Stick to topic

No right or wrong answer

Use a strong historical argument

Getting Started

Read the Q thoroughly

Explore all parts of the Q

Highlight important aspects

2 Questions for self

Do you have an opinion?

What must you discuss to write a successful essay

Gather all the information

Decide on data

Outline

Underline key parts of the question

Thoroughly examined and analyzed the questioned

Don't describe documents, analyze them

Jot down OI's

Spend 2 or 3 minutes

Decide what you can and cannot use

Don't crowbar OI's into an argument if they are not relevant

Reading the Documents

Use the three levels of questions, SOAPS, and inferences

Documents are in chronological order

Organize for compare and contrast (not in chronological order)

Check for inconsistencies

Use to provide counter-arguments

Omit

Thesis development

Read Q more than once

Develop an argument you can prove

Make sure your thesis addresses every aspect of the question

Once you've decided thesis

Provide supporting/contradicting information

Ask why that doc was included

Add OI's

Writing Essay

Be concise and to the point

Back up thesis with facts, solid evidence, no fluff

3 or 4 different issues or topic sentences

Make sure you are addressing the question

Reread question after every paragraph

Include as many documents as possible

Final Conclusion

Stay confident

Don't panic

Take a deep breath to relax

You have prepared all year for this test

Everyone is in same boat as you

WWI 3 Notes 3/6/08

Cause of WWI

Extreme Nationalism, patriotism

Extreme militarism

Build up of armies

Conscription

Navy build up

Britain known for best navy, but German U-Boats are a significant threat

Germans can attack anyone, and no one can know who did it

Aircraft

Planes originally used solely for scouting

In WWI, scouting planes began dropping weapons

Began with nails, but moved to bombing

Developed guns on planes for fighting other planes

Imperialism

No International Arbitration

Steps

1. June 1914

Ferdinand assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia

Princip and the Black Hand movement

2. A-H asks Germany for permission to declare war on Serbia, b/c Germany is powerful and A-H fears Russia

3. Germany issues a blank check to A-H

4. A-H issues an ultimatum

Serbia must surrender all Pan-Slavic leaders or A-H will attack

5. Serbia calls in Russia

6. Russia mobilizes troops on A-H borders

7. Germany considers this an act of war and declares war on Russia, and thus Russia's ally, France

Germany is dominant force, but it's also fighting a two front war

8. Russia/France declare war on Germany

9. 1915 Italy declares neutrality

Swiss, Netherlands, Denmark, Belgium and Britain

10. Germany attacks France through Belgium

11. Belgium is neutral, and this angers Br, which enters the war.

U.S. Domestic Issues

Wilson is elected in 1912

Clayton Anti-Trust Act

Like the Sherman Act but with more teeth

Allows gov't to penalize businesses for trust-like activity

Wilson can choose to use this or the Federal Trade Commission

16th Amendment

Graduated income tax

WWI 2 Notes 3/5/08

Italy

Last country to unite

Tries quickly to build an empire

Tunisia is mostly desert but Carthage is a great port

France is upset with Italy's new influence in Tunisia

France boots out Italy, which joins A-H and Ger.

1914: Declares neutrality

1915: Becomes an Ally when GB joins w/ France and Russia

1917: Lusitania is sunk by German U-Boat

Americans enter the war

At the end of the war, lead allies don't give Italy much power at Treaty of Versaille

Upsets Italy

Italian anger leads the rise of Mussolini

Triple Entente

France

Hates GBr, but wants revenge on Germany

Russia

Dislikes A-H and therefore Germany

Great Britain

German U-Boats make it's Navy a threat to Br

Fears Gr. but traditionally hates France

France and Br. meet in Morocco to talk about North Africa

Foshada Affair

France gives up Egypt in return for Frances help in the war.

WWI 1 Notes 3/3/08

Europe

Uniting a country of states is difficult

1860

Renegade states break apart from Germany

Prussia, most powerful nationstate

Nation State

Specific geographic boundary with common language, religion and unified gov't

Otto Von Bismarck

Conservative Aristocrat of the Junker Party

Rules for King Kaiser Wilhelm I

Want to unify German nation states

Germany's main rival is France

Germany wants to expand, so they expand opposite France, and begin a war with Austria in 1866

Germany wins, but gives Austria a lenient treaty

Bismarck needs a war to unify Germany, but can't look like an aggressor

Looks at France, under Napoleon III

Spanish throne is open, France and Germany want it

EMS Affair

EMS is a Bavarian resort

Germany invites France for talks

French delegation arrives and Germany is not their

Napoleon then goes to Vienna, in Vienna, he is told that the Germans are at EMS

Finally, he meets Germans at EMS, and is told simply what he already knows, that Ge wants Spanish Throne

Napoleon is so infuriated, he declares war

Germans unify in 1871 for the Franco-Prussian War

Lasts for weeks

Germany obliterates the French

Treaty of Frankfurt

One of the worst treaties ever designed

Huge war payments/reparations

Germany will occupy France till full payment is made

French citizens volunteers to increase taxes threefold for three years just to get rid of Germany

Germany nabs Alsace-Lorraine

Germany uses the money to industrialize

Forming of Alliances

Central Powers of the 1800's

Germany: Fears revenge war by Fr

Austria-Hungary

Balkans cause problems

Serbia: Pan-Slavic movement, backed by Russia

Russia needs a warm water port

1912: The Balkan Wars

Balkans rise up against the Ottoman Empire

Wins, Austria Hungary wants to negotiate treaty, gives Albania independence, means that Russia can't get warm water ports

1913: Serbia, Romania, Montenegro wins Bulgaria, and Austria Hungary steps in to take control

Bulgaria

Ottoman Empire

1914: Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria, goes with Sofia to Sarajevo to give speech for peace

Anti-Austrian Black Hand  student movement assassinates Franz Ferdinand

Austria retaliates with troops

Russia supports Serbia, Germany backs A-H, and France enters because they hate Germany