Europe
Uniting a country of states is difficult
1860
Renegade states break apart from Germany
Prussia, most powerful nationstate
Nation State
Specific geographic boundary with common language, religion and unified gov't
Otto Von Bismarck
Conservative Aristocrat of the Junker Party
Rules for King Kaiser Wilhelm I
Want to unify German nation states
Germany's main rival is France
Germany wants to expand, so they expand opposite France, and begin a war with Austria in 1866
Germany wins, but gives Austria a lenient treaty
Bismarck needs a war to unify Germany, but can't look like an aggressor
Looks at France, under Napoleon III
Spanish throne is open, France and Germany want it
EMS Affair
EMS is a Bavarian resort
Germany invites France for talks
French delegation arrives and Germany is not their
Napoleon then goes to Vienna, in Vienna, he is told that the Germans are at EMS
Finally, he meets Germans at EMS, and is told simply what he already knows, that Ge wants Spanish Throne
Napoleon is so infuriated, he declares war
Germans unify in 1871 for the Franco-Prussian War
Lasts for weeks
Germany obliterates the French
Treaty of Frankfurt
One of the worst treaties ever designed
Huge war payments/reparations
Germany will occupy France till full payment is made
French citizens volunteers to increase taxes threefold for three years just to get rid of Germany
Germany nabs Alsace-Lorraine
Germany uses the money to industrialize
Forming of Alliances
Central Powers of the 1800's
Germany: Fears revenge war by Fr
Austria-Hungary
Balkans cause problems
Serbia: Pan-Slavic movement, backed by Russia
Russia needs a warm water port
1912: The Balkan Wars
Balkans rise up against the Ottoman Empire
Wins, Austria Hungary wants to negotiate treaty, gives Albania independence, means that Russia can't get warm water ports
1913: Serbia, Romania, Montenegro wins Bulgaria, and Austria Hungary steps in to take control
Bulgaria
Ottoman Empire
1914: Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria, goes with Sofia to Sarajevo to give speech for peace
Anti-Austrian Black Hand student movement assassinates Franz Ferdinand
Austria retaliates with troops
Russia supports Serbia, Germany backs A-H, and France enters because they hate Germany
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