Reconstruction Notes 01/02/08

Immense human, economic, political and social costs. Civil War greatly increased federal government's power and control.

Widened economic gap between North and South, Fed. debt and inflation soars

Eman. Proc. only freed slaves in rebel stats. 13th amendment abolishes everywhere.

Freed slaves had nowhere to go

U.S. "rebuilds" after Civil War

Process of admitting Confederate states back into Union.

Lincoln was lenient to the South

Lincoln favored lenient reconstruction policy, no punishment

Dec. 1863, Under 10% plan, the gov. would pardon all Conf. who would swear allegiance to the Union (except high ranking officials),

4 states moved toward this

Lincoln=Moderate

Radical Republicans occupy congress, hate Lincoln's plan

Thaddeus Stevens and Sumner.

July 1864-Passed Wade-Davis Bill, a majority, not 10% would be required to reenter the Union, Lincoln vetoed the bill

Set stage for Pres/Congressional face-off

Lincoln had no plan for protection of freed African Americans

Needs civil rights acts, reconstruction acts

14th Gives blacks citizenship

15th Amendment gives blacks suffrage

Lincoln is assassinated and Johnson enters

Amnesty to most Southern whites

Blacks have no role in office, no voting

Pro-Union democrat from Tennessee

Congress divided between radical and moderate republicans.

Allows governments to place restrictions on former slaves

Radicals wanted to destroy political power of fromer slaveholders to better protect the rights of the newly freed slaves

The moderates proposed amnesty for former confederates

10% Oath of Loyalty

Johnson's Plan

Similar to Lincoln's except less pardons for high ranking Confed. and wealthy S. Landowners

White men should run the south

States agree to Johnson's terms

Infuriates radical republicans by pardoning all high ranking confederates

Congress opposes Black Codes

Radicals create civil rights act of 1866

Forbids states passing discriminatory laws

Johnson felt that Civil Rights Act detracts from states right

Moderates and radicals band together to form 14th Amendment

14th amendment grants citizenship to all people born on American soil

Any State that bans voting rights to any citizens loses representation

40 Acres and a Mule

Most blacks wanted land and couldn't afford it

Sherman had promised land to black soldiers, Pres. Johnson thought whites should get all land back

Radicals wanted to seize property from planters and give 40 acres to each adult, male, ex-slave. Doesn't pass Congress

Blacks become sharecroppers, or tenant farmers, have to share profits.

Johnson Impeached

Radicals looking for way to get rid of Johson

When he removed Secretary of War Stanton from office without Congressional approval, violating Tenure of Office Act, which Johnson found unconstitutional

11 Articles of Impeachment from House, One vote short in the Senate to convict

Enter Ulysses S. Grant

Corrupt