Immense human, economic, political and social costs. Civil War greatly increased federal government's power and control.
Widened economic gap between North and South, Fed. debt and inflation soars
Eman. Proc. only freed slaves in rebel stats. 13th amendment abolishes everywhere.
Freed slaves had nowhere to go
U.S. "rebuilds" after Civil War
Process of admitting Confederate states back into Union.
Lincoln was lenient to the South
Lincoln favored lenient reconstruction policy, no punishment
Dec. 1863, Under 10% plan, the gov. would pardon all Conf. who would swear allegiance to the Union (except high ranking officials),
4 states moved toward this
Lincoln=Moderate
Radical Republicans occupy congress, hate Lincoln's plan
Thaddeus Stevens and Sumner.
July 1864-Passed Wade-Davis Bill, a majority, not 10% would be required to reenter the Union, Lincoln vetoed the bill
Set stage for Pres/Congressional face-off
Lincoln had no plan for protection of freed African Americans
Needs civil rights acts, reconstruction acts
14th Gives blacks citizenship
15th Amendment gives blacks suffrage
Lincoln is assassinated and Johnson enters
Amnesty to most Southern whites
Blacks have no role in office, no voting
Pro-Union democrat from Tennessee
Congress divided between radical and moderate republicans.
Allows governments to place restrictions on former slaves
Radicals wanted to destroy political power of fromer slaveholders to better protect the rights of the newly freed slaves
The moderates proposed amnesty for former confederates
10% Oath of Loyalty
Johnson's Plan
Similar to Lincoln's except less pardons for high ranking Confed. and wealthy S. Landowners
White men should run the south
States agree to Johnson's terms
Infuriates radical republicans by pardoning all high ranking confederates
Congress opposes Black Codes
Radicals create civil rights act of 1866
Forbids states passing discriminatory laws
Johnson felt that Civil Rights Act detracts from states right
Moderates and radicals band together to form 14th Amendment
14th amendment grants citizenship to all people born on American soil
Any State that bans voting rights to any citizens loses representation
40 Acres and a Mule
Most blacks wanted land and couldn't afford it
Sherman had promised land to black soldiers, Pres. Johnson thought whites should get all land back
Radicals wanted to seize property from planters and give 40 acres to each adult, male, ex-slave. Doesn't pass Congress
Blacks become sharecroppers, or tenant farmers, have to share profits.
Johnson Impeached
Radicals looking for way to get rid of Johson
When he removed Secretary of War Stanton from office without Congressional approval, violating Tenure of Office Act, which Johnson found unconstitutional
11 Articles of Impeachment from House, One vote short in the Senate to convict
Enter Ulysses S. Grant
Corrupt
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